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Kualiti udara di Kitchener

Indeks kualiti udara (AQI⁺) dan pencemaran udara PM2.5 di Kitchener • 17.5K Pengikut • 04:00, Okt 09 Waktu tempatan

26

US AQI⁺

Baik

face expression based on aqi value

Pencemar utama:

PM2.5

4.6 µg/m³

weather condition icon

6°

wind direction icon

9 km/h

weather humid icon

99 %

Ramalan setiap jam

Ramalan indeks kualiti udara (AQI⁺) Kitchener

Sekarang

26

Ikon cuaca

6°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 271 darjah

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

05:00

25

Ikon cuaca

6°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 279 darjah

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

06:00

24

Ikon cuaca

6°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 267 darjah

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

07:00

23

Ikon cuaca

6°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 256 darjah

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

08:00

23

Ikon cuaca

5°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 241 darjah

8

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

09:00

22

Ikon cuaca

8°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 252 darjah

12

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

97%

10:00

22

Ikon cuaca

10°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 247 darjah

14

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

83%

11:00

23

Ikon cuaca

14°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 248 darjah

17

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

76%

12:00

22

Ikon cuaca

16°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 259 darjah

21

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

62%

13:00

22

Ikon cuaca

17°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 273 darjah

25

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

54%

14:00

11

Ikon cuaca

18°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 285 darjah

26

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

43%

15:00

10

Ikon cuaca

17°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 289 darjah

26

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

47%

16:00

8

Ikon cuaca

17°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 301 darjah

23

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

51%

17:00

6

Ikon cuaca

16°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 302 darjah

20

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

50%

18:00

6

Ikon cuaca

14°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 305 darjah

16

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

55%

19:00

6

Ikon cuaca

12°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 307 darjah

10

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

66%

20:00

6

Ikon cuaca

11°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 313 darjah

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

77%

21:00

6

Ikon cuaca

9°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 333 darjah

8

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

86%

22:00

6

Ikon cuaca

9°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 1 darjah

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

93%

23:00

6

Ikon cuaca

8°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 15 darjah

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

96%

Sab

00:00

6

Ikon cuaca

7°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 28 darjah

6

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

100%

01:00

6

Ikon cuaca

6°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 44 darjah

4

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

100%

02:00

10

Ikon cuaca

6°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 40 darjah

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

100%

03:00

10

Ikon cuaca

5°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 58 darjah

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

100%

04:00

10

Ikon cuaca

5°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 73 darjah

4

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

100%

05:00

6

Ikon cuaca

5°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 82 darjah

6

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

06:00

6

Ikon cuaca

5°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 77 darjah

6

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

07:00

6

Ikon cuaca

6°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 92 darjah

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

08:00

17

Ikon cuaca

6°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 85 darjah

8

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

09:00

17

Ikon cuaca

8°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 106 darjah

10

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

86%

10:00

17

Ikon cuaca

11°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 114 darjah

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

75%

11:00

22

Ikon cuaca

12°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 116 darjah

18

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

67%

12:00

22

Ikon cuaca

14°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 120 darjah

19

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

61%

13:00

22

Ikon cuaca

15°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 118 darjah

17

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

53%

14:00

9

Ikon cuaca

16°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 111 darjah

19

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

48%

15:00

9

Ikon cuaca

15°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 116 darjah

18

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

49%

16:00

9

Ikon cuaca

15°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 112 darjah

18

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

54%

17:00

11

Ikon cuaca

14°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 112 darjah

17

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

61%

18:00

11

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 103 darjah

17

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

70%

19:00

11

Ikon cuaca

12°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 95 darjah

17

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

83%

20:00

19

Ikon cuaca

11°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 94 darjah

16

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

88%

21:00

19

Ikon cuaca

11°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 94 darjah

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

89%

22:00

19

Ikon cuaca

11°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 96 darjah

13

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

92%

23:00

29

Ikon cuaca

10°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 93 darjah

14

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

95%

Ahd

00:00

29

Ikon cuaca

11°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 102 darjah

12

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

94%

01:00

29

Ikon cuaca

10°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 94 darjah

10

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

02:00

37

Ikon cuaca

9°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 96 darjah

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

100%

03:00

37

Ikon cuaca

9°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 100 darjah

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

04:00

37

Ikon cuaca

9°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 99 darjah

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

05:00

29

Ikon cuaca

10°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 108 darjah

8

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

100%

06:00

29

Ikon cuaca

10°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 110 darjah

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

96%

07:00

29

Ikon cuaca

10°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 109 darjah

8

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

95%

08:00

16

Ikon cuaca

10°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 111 darjah

10

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

93%

09:00

16

Ikon cuaca

80%

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 162 darjah

16

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

92%

10:00

16

Ikon cuaca

90%

12°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 143 darjah

18

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

96%

11:00

17

Ikon cuaca

80%

12°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 129 darjah

20

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

97%

12:00

17

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 149 darjah

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

97%

13:00

17

Ikon cuaca

12°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 123 darjah

16

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

98%

14:00

8

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 123 darjah

12

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

97%

15:00

8

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 113 darjah

14

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

98%

16:00

8

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 110 darjah

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

97%

17:00

9

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 113 darjah

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

96%

18:00

9

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 101 darjah

13

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

98%

19:00

9

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 99 darjah

11

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

98%

20:00

15

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 98 darjah

10

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

21:00

15

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 103 darjah

10

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

22:00

15

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 109 darjah

12

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

23:00

42

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 85 darjah

6

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

Isn

00:00

42

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 43 darjah

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

01:00

42

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 57 darjah

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

02:00

28

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 50 darjah

4

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

03:00

28

Ikon cuaca

13°

Peta Kualiti Udara IQAir AirVisual Ikon Angin berpusing 352 darjah

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

Ramalan harian

|

Ramalan indeks kualiti udara (AQI⁺) Kitchener

Pencemar udara

Apakah kualiti udara semasa di Kitchener

Ikon Semak IQAir

Kepekatan PM2.5 pada masa ini memenuhi garis panduan tahunan PM2.5 WHO.

Cadangan kesihatan

Lindungi diri anda daripada pencemaran udara di Kitchener

BELI PRODUK IQAIR

Pantau udara yang anda hirup

Dapatkan bacaan kualiti udara AirVisual yang tepat dan pandangan masa nyata untuk udara yang lebih bersih. Monitor yang mendedahkan punca pencemaran serta menyerlahkan bila penggunaan penulen udara diperlukan.

Siri AirVisual

Penulen udara gred perubatan

Dipercayai di seluruh dunia, Siri HealthPro menggunakan teknologi HyperHEPA. Menapis zarah ultrahalus yang terlepas oleh penulen udara lain, memberikan perlindungan gred perubatan.

Siri HealthPro

Penulen udara berkuasa dan bergaya

Padat dan berkuasa, Siri Atem menggabungkan kejuruteraan Switzerland dengan penulenan udara berprestasi tinggi, menapis zarah ultrahalus dengan teknologi HyperHEPA.

Siri Atem

Debunga

Apakah jumlah debunga di Kitchener hari ini?

Indeks

Ikon debunga global

Tiada

Ikon debunga tree

Pokok

Tiada

0%
Ikon debunga grass

Rumput

Tiada

0%
Ikon debunga weed

Rumpai

Tiada

0%

Sumber:

wetter.com
Ramalan debunga di Kitchener

Cadangan kesihatan

Debunga

Apakah jumlah debunga di Kitchener hari ini?

Indeks

Ikon debunga global

Tiada

Ikon debunga tree

Pokok

Tiada

0%
Ikon debunga grass

Rumput

Tiada

0%
Ikon debunga weed

Rumpai

Tiada

0%

Sumber:

wetter.com
Ramalan debunga di Kitchener

Lindungi diri anda daripada pencemaran udara di Kitchener

BELI PRODUK IQAIR

Pantau udara yang anda hirup

Dapatkan bacaan kualiti udara AirVisual yang tepat dan pandangan masa nyata untuk udara yang lebih bersih. Monitor yang mendedahkan punca pencemaran serta menyerlahkan bila penggunaan penulen udara diperlukan.

Siri AirVisual

Penulen udara gred perubatan

Dipercayai di seluruh dunia, Siri HealthPro menggunakan teknologi HyperHEPA. Menapis zarah ultrahalus yang terlepas oleh penulen udara lain, memberikan perlindungan gred perubatan.

Siri HealthPro

Penulen udara berkuasa dan bergaya

Padat dan berkuasa, Siri Atem menggabungkan kejuruteraan Switzerland dengan penulenan udara berprestasi tinggi, menapis zarah ultrahalus dengan teknologi HyperHEPA.

Siri Atem

Lokasi paling tercemar berhampiran Kitchener

Kedudukan AQI⁺ SeduniaArrow icon

Kedudukan stesen

Peringkat stesen AQI⁺ masa nyata untuk stesen di Kitchener

#StesenAQI⁺ AS
1
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Elmira-IQAir

28

2
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Kitchener Station

28

3
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Auditorium Neighbourhood

26

4
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

214 Southwood Dr

22

5
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Victoria North

20

6
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

53 Water St N

11

7
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Midtown Kitchener-Clarity

4

8
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Country Hills West Kitchener

0

Kedudukan bandar

Kedudukan bandar AQI⁺ Canada masa nyata

#BandarAQI⁺ AS
1
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Creston, British Columbia

65

2
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Burlington, Ontario

55

3
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Fernie, British Columbia

54

4
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Revelstoke, British Columbia

50

5
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Regina, Saskatchewan

49

6
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia

48

7
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Balzac, Alberta

47

8
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Vernon, British Columbia

46

9
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Golden, British Columbia

44

10
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Chase, British Columbia

43

Sejarah

Graf kualiti udara sejarah untuk Kitchener

26 AQI⁺ AS
Baik
03:00–04:00 09 Okt Waktu tempatan
AQI⁺ AS

Sejarah

Graf kualiti udara sejarah untuk Kitchener

26 AQI⁺ AS
Baik
03:00–04:00 09 Okt Waktu tempatan
AQI⁺ AS

Lokasi paling tercemar berhampiran Kitchener

Kedudukan AQI⁺ SeduniaArrow icon

Kedudukan stesen

Peringkat stesen AQI⁺ masa nyata untuk stesen di Kitchener

#StesenAQI⁺ AS
1
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Elmira-IQAir

28

2
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Kitchener Station

28

3
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Auditorium Neighbourhood

26

4
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

214 Southwood Dr

22

5
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Victoria North

20

6
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

53 Water St N

11

7
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Midtown Kitchener-Clarity

4

8
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Country Hills West Kitchener

0

Kedudukan bandar

Kedudukan bandar AQI⁺ Canada masa nyata

#BandarAQI⁺ AS
1
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Creston, British Columbia

65

2
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Burlington, Ontario

55

3
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Fernie, British Columbia

54

4
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Revelstoke, British Columbia

50

5
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Regina, Saskatchewan

49

6
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Halfmoon Bay, British Columbia

48

7
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Balzac, Alberta

47

8
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Vernon, British Columbia

46

9
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Golden, British Columbia

44

10
Bendera kebangsaan Canada

Chase, British Columbia

43

Measure your own air quality

Get a monitor and contribute air quality data in your city.

Apakah kualiti udara semasa di Kitchener?

Kualiti udara semasa di Kitchener dianggap baik. Tahap pencemaran udara adalah rendah dan tiada risiko kesihatan yang dijangka, menjadikannya masa yang sesuai untuk menikmati aktiviti luar seperti biasa.

Is Kitchener a city with good air quality?

Kitchener is a city located in Ontario, one of thirteen provinces located in Canada. Previously known as Berlin, due to a high number of German immigrants in the early 19th century, it finds itself just 100km away from the major city of Toronto, and is itself home to approximately 233 thousand inhabitants. The city and region are comprised mainly of wet climate soils and deciduous trees, and like many cities throughout Canada is subject to a wide range of different temperatures, ranging from highs of 38 degrees Celsius all the way down to -34 degrees. These meteorological conditions can have some influence on the levels of air pollution present, with some factors increasing it whilst other, such as strong winds, can assist in decreasing it by blowing away accumulations of pollution and other harmful materials.

Looking at its pollution level readings, Kitchener came in with a PM2.5 reading of 6.8 μg/m³, one that was low enough to put it well within the World Health Organizations (WHO's) target goal for great air quality at 10 μg/m³ or below, with the closest to 0 being the most optimal. Kitchener’s reading of 6.8 μg/m³ put it in 3855th place out of all cities ranked worldwide (indicative that it has a very good quality of air, among the top ranked cities of the world), as well as 79th place out of all cities ranked in Canada. Whilst it came in with very appreciable readings, there were some months of the year where the PM2.5 levels rose slightly higher than average, and even though they were still within the WHO's target bracket, show that Kitchener could go further to improve its air quality.

What are some of the main causes of air pollution in Kitchener?

Even for cities with some of the best air cleanliness around the world, there are still many different causes of pollution that taint what could be even cleaner readings. One of the main causes that contributes to elevated air pollution in Kitchener would be that of vehicular emissions, with tens of thousands of personal vehicles inhabiting the roads, putting out a wide variety of different chemical pollutants as well as dangerous particulate matter. The previously mentioned PM2.5 refers to particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter, and is one of the major components used in the calculation of the overall AQI, or air quality index, alongside other chemical compounds.

With vehicles as one of the persistent, year round causes, others include ones such as factory emissions, as well as pollutive output from power plants and other similar industrial sites that use coal burning as their main source of energy. Other sources include the agricultural sector, as well as the occasional forest or grassland fire that can occur in the hotter months, with winds usually blowing the resulting smoke over many cities and heavily tainting their pollution readings, although it is clear that this did not occur in Kitchener over 2019.

When is the air quality in Kitchener at its most polluted?

For the main purpose of informing both visitors as well as inhabitants of Kitchener, it is important to be cognizant of when pollution levels are at their worst, as well as what one can do to reduce the risks of over exposure. In regards to when the PM2.5 readings are at their very worst in Kitchener, it can be seen that towards the end of the year as the descent into the colder months start to begin, there are some elevated readings present.

October came in with a PM2.5 reading of 5.3 μg/m³, a very respectable reading that was in fact lower than the yearly average. This was followed by a significant leap, with the next month coming in at 8.2 μg/m³ in November, showing that a change had occurred to the cleanliness of the air. December was also in a similar position, with a reading of 8.7 μg/m³ present. This continued on to the following year, with January having a reading of 7.7 μg/m³ (showing steady improvements) and then even further drops of 6.8 μg/m³ in March, and then 6.2 μg/m³ in April. This shows that the most polluted time of the year in Kitchener is at years end, with the last two months being the most polluted and December having the highest reading at 8.7 μg/m³.

When is the air quality at its best in Kitchener?

Following on from the previous question, the time of the year in which Kitchener would be experiencing the lowest levels of haze, smoke or particulate matter in the air would be following the period where the colder months start to abate. Of note, is that even the more polluted months in the prior question are still well within the WHO's target for great air quality, and are especially low when compared to more polluted readings from other countries worldwide.

The months that came in with the best air quality over the course of 2019 were April through to June, and then August through to October (with July showing a sudden spike in PM2.5 levels). The cleanest month of the year was October with a reading of 5.3 μg/m³.

What are some of the main types of pollution found in the air in Kitchener?

Some of the more prominent types of pollution found in the air in Kitchener would be ones that are emitted by vehicles, and thus would be materials and chemical compounds such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), black carbon, carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOC's). These can also find their release from other areas that see combustion taking place, with factories and power plants also releasing these pollutants, along with many others.

Some examples of VOC's include ones such as benzene, xylene, toluene and formaldehyde. These are all harmful to human health, even more so due to their volatile nature making them able to maintain a gaseous state at far lower temperatures than many other pollutants, hence easier to respire and cause health issues. Nitrogen dioxide is also one of the chief offenders emanating from vehicles, often found in high concentrations over areas that see larger volumes of traffic, and along with sulfur dioxide can contribute heavily to instances of acid rain.