DuniaArrow icon
Arrow iconKitchener

Kualitas udara di Kitchener

Indeks kualitas udara (AQI⁺) dan polusi udara PM2.5 di Kitchener • 17.8K Pengikut • 08.00, Okt 29 Waktu setempat

64

AQI⁺ US

Sedang

face expression based on aqi value

Polutan utama:

PM2.5

16 µg/m³

weather condition icon

5°

wind direction icon

12 km/h

weather humid icon

99 %

Prakiraan per jam

Prakiraan indeks kualitas udara (AQI⁺) Kitchener

Sekarang

64

Ikon Cuaca

5°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 225 derajat

12

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

09.00

63

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 223 derajat

14

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

10.00

63

Ikon Cuaca

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 217 derajat

16

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

98%

11.00

61

Ikon Cuaca

11°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 212 derajat

19

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

95%

12.00

60

Ikon Cuaca

16°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 218 derajat

22

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

70%

13.00

59

Ikon Cuaca

19°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 223 derajat

23

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

64%

14.00

59

Ikon Cuaca

20°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 227 derajat

23

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

62%

15.00

57

Ikon Cuaca

20°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 234 derajat

23

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

62%

16.00

55

Ikon Cuaca

20°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 241 derajat

22

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

64%

17.00

54

Ikon Cuaca

19°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 253 derajat

22

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

70%

18.00

52

Ikon Cuaca

80%

16°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 274 derajat

19

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

93%

19.00

50

Ikon Cuaca

90%

15°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 280 derajat

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

94%

20.00

49

Ikon Cuaca

80%

15°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 282 derajat

13

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

95%

21.00

46

Ikon Cuaca

14°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 302 derajat

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

94%

22.00

43

Ikon Cuaca

13°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 303 derajat

17

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

91%

23.00

41

Ikon Cuaca

12°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 318 derajat

16

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

91%

Jum

00.00

42

Ikon Cuaca

11°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 313 derajat

14

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

92%

01.00

43

Ikon Cuaca

11°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 309 derajat

16

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

91%

02.00

44

Ikon Cuaca

10°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 310 derajat

20

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

91%

03.00

34

Ikon Cuaca

9°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 312 derajat

21

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

92%

04.00

25

Ikon Cuaca

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 310 derajat

20

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

90%

05.00

16

Ikon Cuaca

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 311 derajat

20

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

92%

06.00

18

Ikon Cuaca

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 315 derajat

18

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

88%

07.00

20

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 318 derajat

19

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

89%

08.00

22

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 313 derajat

20

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

83%

09.00

22

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 305 derajat

19

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

79%

10.00

22

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 303 derajat

20

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

79%

11.00

23

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 306 derajat

21

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

83%

12.00

21

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 299 derajat

21

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

82%

13.00

20

Ikon Cuaca

80%

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 295 derajat

21

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

94%

14.00

19

Ikon Cuaca

80%

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 289 derajat

19

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

93%

15.00

18

Ikon Cuaca

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 308 derajat

18

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

87%

16.00

17

Ikon Cuaca

80%

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 308 derajat

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

91%

17.00

16

Ikon Cuaca

80%

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 308 derajat

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

90%

18.00

21

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 319 derajat

16

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

83%

19.00

26

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 316 derajat

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

84%

20.00

32

Ikon Cuaca

6°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 310 derajat

17

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

84%

21.00

34

Ikon Cuaca

5°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 314 derajat

17

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

87%

22.00

36

Ikon Cuaca

4°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 321 derajat

15

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

23.00

39

Ikon Cuaca

5°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 311 derajat

14

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

94%

Sab

00.00

43

Ikon Cuaca

5°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 311 derajat

13

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

93%

01.00

47

Ikon Cuaca

5°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 328 derajat

12

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

91%

02.00

52

Ikon Cuaca

5°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 336 derajat

13

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

90%

03.00

52

Ikon Cuaca

4°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 332 derajat

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

98%

04.00

52

Ikon Cuaca

80%

4°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 332 derajat

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

99%

05.00

52

Ikon Cuaca

80%

5°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 340 derajat

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

97%

06.00

54

Ikon Cuaca

4°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 358 derajat

8

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

96%

07.00

57

Ikon Cuaca

4°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 2 derajat

9

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

94%

08.00

60

Ikon Cuaca

3°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 9 derajat

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

89%

09.00

57

Ikon Cuaca

4°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 239 derajat

2

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

79%

10.00

55

Ikon Cuaca

6°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 248 derajat

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

69%

11.00

53

Ikon Cuaca

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 264 derajat

3

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

62%

12.00

52

Ikon Cuaca

10°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 265 derajat

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

55%

13.00

51

Ikon Cuaca

11°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 265 derajat

8

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

49%

14.00

51

Ikon Cuaca

12°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 269 derajat

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

44%

15.00

41

Ikon Cuaca

13°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 265 derajat

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

42%

16.00

32

Ikon Cuaca

13°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 266 derajat

6

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

42%

17.00

23

Ikon Cuaca

13°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 250 derajat

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

45%

18.00

21

Ikon Cuaca

10°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 225 derajat

4

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

51%

19.00

20

Ikon Cuaca

9°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 205 derajat

5

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

52%

20.00

19

Ikon Cuaca

9°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 177 derajat

6

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

52%

21.00

20

Ikon Cuaca

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 167 derajat

8

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

54%

22.00

21

Ikon Cuaca

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 180 derajat

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

53%

23.00

23

Ikon Cuaca

9°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 170 derajat

6

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

54%

Min

00.00

21

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 159 derajat

6

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

61%

01.00

20

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 173 derajat

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

62%

01.00

19

Ikon Cuaca

7°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 163 derajat

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

60%

02.00

17

Ikon Cuaca

8°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 151 derajat

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

56%

03.00

15

Ikon Cuaca

9°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 137 derajat

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

55%

04.00

13

Ikon Cuaca

9°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 118 derajat

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

56%

05.00

12

Ikon Cuaca

9°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 144 derajat

8

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

56%

06.00

12

Ikon Cuaca

9°

Peta Kualitas Udara IQAir AirVisual Angin berputar 132 derajat

7

km/h

Ikon kelembapan

57%

Prakiraan setiap hari

|

Prakiraan indeks kualitas udara (AQI⁺) Kitchener

Polutan udara

Berapa kualitas udara saat ini di dekat Kitchener?

Ikon tanda seru IQAir

Konsentrasi PM2.5 saat ini 3.2 kali nilai panduan PM2.5 tahunan WHO.

Rekomendasi kesehatan

lindungi dirimu dari polusi udara di Kitchener

SHOP IQAIR PRODUCTS

Air_Monitors_v2_image_728x968px_ee9cbf0e-d125-414e-9f79-215cfaad62c0.jpg

Memantau udara yang Anda hirup

Dapatkan pembacaan kualitas udara AirVisual yang akurat dan wawasan waktu nyata untuk udara yang lebih bersih. Monitor yang menunjukkan sumber polusi, menyoroti kapan penggunaan pembersih udara diperlukan.

AirVisual Series

Air_Purifirer_v2_image_728x968px_5720fd5a-7baf-484e-bd44-931e213c7066.jpg

Pembersih udara kelas medis

Dipercaya di seluruh dunia, HealthPro Series menggunakan teknologi HyperHEPA. Menyaring partikel sangat halus yang tidak dapat disaring oleh pembersih udara lainnya, memberikan perlindungan tingkat medis.

HealthPro Series

Atem_Series_v3_image_1250px.jpg

Pembersih udara yang kuat dan penuh gaya

Ringkas dan bertenaga, Seri Atem memadukan rekayasa Swiss dengan pemurnian udara berkinerja tinggi, menyaring partikel sangat halus dengan teknologi HyperHEPA.

Seri Atem

Serbuk sari

Berapa jumlah serbuk sari di Kitchener hari ini?

Indeks

Ikon global serbuk sari

Tidak ada

Ikon tree serbuk sari

Pohon

Tidak ada

0%
Ikon grass serbuk sari

Rumput

Tidak ada

0%
Ikon weed serbuk sari

Gulma

Tidak ada

0%

Sumber:

wetter.com
Prakiraan serbuk sari di Kitchener

Rekomendasi kesehatan

Serbuk sari

Berapa jumlah serbuk sari di Kitchener hari ini?

Indeks

Ikon global serbuk sari

Tidak ada

Ikon tree serbuk sari

Pohon

Tidak ada

0%
Ikon grass serbuk sari

Rumput

Tidak ada

0%
Ikon weed serbuk sari

Gulma

Tidak ada

0%

Sumber:

wetter.com
Prakiraan serbuk sari di Kitchener

lindungi dirimu dari polusi udara di Kitchener

SHOP IQAIR PRODUCTS

Air_Monitors_v2_image_728x968px_ee9cbf0e-d125-414e-9f79-215cfaad62c0.jpg

Memantau udara yang Anda hirup

Dapatkan pembacaan kualitas udara AirVisual yang akurat dan wawasan waktu nyata untuk udara yang lebih bersih. Monitor yang menunjukkan sumber polusi, menyoroti kapan penggunaan pembersih udara diperlukan.

AirVisual Series

Air_Purifirer_v2_image_728x968px_5720fd5a-7baf-484e-bd44-931e213c7066.jpg

Pembersih udara kelas medis

Dipercaya di seluruh dunia, HealthPro Series menggunakan teknologi HyperHEPA. Menyaring partikel sangat halus yang tidak dapat disaring oleh pembersih udara lainnya, memberikan perlindungan tingkat medis.

HealthPro Series

Atem_Series_v3_image_1250px.jpg

Pembersih udara yang kuat dan penuh gaya

Ringkas dan bertenaga, Seri Atem memadukan rekayasa Swiss dengan pemurnian udara berkinerja tinggi, menyaring partikel sangat halus dengan teknologi HyperHEPA.

Seri Atem

Lokasi paling berpolusi dekat Kitchener

Rangking AQI⁺ Seluruh DuniaArrow icon

Ranking stasiun

Ranking stasiun AQI⁺ real-time untuk stasiun di Kitchener

#StasiunAQI⁺ US
1
Bendera nasional Canada

Midtown Kitchener-Clarity

90

2
Bendera nasional Canada

214 Southwood Dr

74

3
Bendera nasional Canada

Kitchener Station

56

4
Bendera nasional Canada

53 Water St N

53

5
Bendera nasional Canada

Auditorium Neighbourhood

53

6
Bendera nasional Canada

Elmira-IQAir

45

7
Bendera nasional Canada

Victoria North

45

8
Bendera nasional Canada

Country Hills West Kitchener

23

Rangking kota

Ranking kota Canada AQI⁺ waktu nyata

#KotaAQI⁺ US
1
Bendera nasional Canada

Etobicoke, Ontario

85

2
Bendera nasional Canada

Brampton, Ontario

77

3
Bendera nasional Canada

Houston, British Columbia

69

4
Bendera nasional Canada

Waterloo, Ontario

68

5
Bendera nasional Canada

Guelph, Ontario

66

6
Bendera nasional Canada

Owen Sound, Ontario

66

7
Bendera nasional Canada

Greater Sudbury, Ontario

65

8
Bendera nasional Canada

London, Ontario

65

9
Bendera nasional Canada

Hamilton, Ontario

62

10
Bendera nasional Canada

East York, Ontario

61

Riwayat

Grafik riwayat kualitas udara untuk Kitchener

64 AQI⁺ US
Sedang
08.00–09.00 29 Okt Waktu setempat
AQI⁺ US

Riwayat

Grafik riwayat kualitas udara untuk Kitchener

64 AQI⁺ US
Sedang
08.00–09.00 29 Okt Waktu setempat
AQI⁺ US

Lokasi paling berpolusi dekat Kitchener

Rangking AQI⁺ Seluruh DuniaArrow icon

Ranking stasiun

Ranking stasiun AQI⁺ real-time untuk stasiun di Kitchener

#StasiunAQI⁺ US
1
Bendera nasional Canada

Midtown Kitchener-Clarity

90

2
Bendera nasional Canada

214 Southwood Dr

74

3
Bendera nasional Canada

Kitchener Station

56

4
Bendera nasional Canada

53 Water St N

53

5
Bendera nasional Canada

Auditorium Neighbourhood

53

6
Bendera nasional Canada

Elmira-IQAir

45

7
Bendera nasional Canada

Victoria North

45

8
Bendera nasional Canada

Country Hills West Kitchener

23

Rangking kota

Ranking kota Canada AQI⁺ waktu nyata

#KotaAQI⁺ US
1
Bendera nasional Canada

Etobicoke, Ontario

85

2
Bendera nasional Canada

Brampton, Ontario

77

3
Bendera nasional Canada

Houston, British Columbia

69

4
Bendera nasional Canada

Waterloo, Ontario

68

5
Bendera nasional Canada

Guelph, Ontario

66

6
Bendera nasional Canada

Owen Sound, Ontario

66

7
Bendera nasional Canada

Greater Sudbury, Ontario

65

8
Bendera nasional Canada

London, Ontario

65

9
Bendera nasional Canada

Hamilton, Ontario

62

10
Bendera nasional Canada

East York, Ontario

61

Measure your own air quality

Get a monitor and contribute air quality data in your city.

Bagaimana kualitas udara saat ini di Kitchener?

Kualitas udara saat ini di Kitchener dianggap sedang. Dapat diterima oleh kebanyakan orang, meskipun beberapa orang yang sangat sensitif mungkin mengalami sedikit ketidaknyamanan.

Is Kitchener a city with good air quality?

Kitchener is a city located in Ontario, one of thirteen provinces located in Canada. Previously known as Berlin, due to a high number of German immigrants in the early 19th century, it finds itself just 100km away from the major city of Toronto, and is itself home to approximately 233 thousand inhabitants. The city and region are comprised mainly of wet climate soils and deciduous trees, and like many cities throughout Canada is subject to a wide range of different temperatures, ranging from highs of 38 degrees Celsius all the way down to -34 degrees. These meteorological conditions can have some influence on the levels of air pollution present, with some factors increasing it whilst other, such as strong winds, can assist in decreasing it by blowing away accumulations of pollution and other harmful materials.

Looking at its pollution level readings, Kitchener came in with a PM2.5 reading of 6.8 μg/m³, one that was low enough to put it well within the World Health Organizations (WHO's) target goal for great air quality at 10 μg/m³ or below, with the closest to 0 being the most optimal. Kitchener’s reading of 6.8 μg/m³ put it in 3855th place out of all cities ranked worldwide (indicative that it has a very good quality of air, among the top ranked cities of the world), as well as 79th place out of all cities ranked in Canada. Whilst it came in with very appreciable readings, there were some months of the year where the PM2.5 levels rose slightly higher than average, and even though they were still within the WHO's target bracket, show that Kitchener could go further to improve its air quality.

What are some of the main causes of air pollution in Kitchener?

Even for cities with some of the best air cleanliness around the world, there are still many different causes of pollution that taint what could be even cleaner readings. One of the main causes that contributes to elevated air pollution in Kitchener would be that of vehicular emissions, with tens of thousands of personal vehicles inhabiting the roads, putting out a wide variety of different chemical pollutants as well as dangerous particulate matter. The previously mentioned PM2.5 refers to particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter, and is one of the major components used in the calculation of the overall AQI, or air quality index, alongside other chemical compounds.

With vehicles as one of the persistent, year round causes, others include ones such as factory emissions, as well as pollutive output from power plants and other similar industrial sites that use coal burning as their main source of energy. Other sources include the agricultural sector, as well as the occasional forest or grassland fire that can occur in the hotter months, with winds usually blowing the resulting smoke over many cities and heavily tainting their pollution readings, although it is clear that this did not occur in Kitchener over 2019.

When is the air quality in Kitchener at its most polluted?

For the main purpose of informing both visitors as well as inhabitants of Kitchener, it is important to be cognizant of when pollution levels are at their worst, as well as what one can do to reduce the risks of over exposure. In regards to when the PM2.5 readings are at their very worst in Kitchener, it can be seen that towards the end of the year as the descent into the colder months start to begin, there are some elevated readings present.

October came in with a PM2.5 reading of 5.3 μg/m³, a very respectable reading that was in fact lower than the yearly average. This was followed by a significant leap, with the next month coming in at 8.2 μg/m³ in November, showing that a change had occurred to the cleanliness of the air. December was also in a similar position, with a reading of 8.7 μg/m³ present. This continued on to the following year, with January having a reading of 7.7 μg/m³ (showing steady improvements) and then even further drops of 6.8 μg/m³ in March, and then 6.2 μg/m³ in April. This shows that the most polluted time of the year in Kitchener is at years end, with the last two months being the most polluted and December having the highest reading at 8.7 μg/m³.

When is the air quality at its best in Kitchener?

Following on from the previous question, the time of the year in which Kitchener would be experiencing the lowest levels of haze, smoke or particulate matter in the air would be following the period where the colder months start to abate. Of note, is that even the more polluted months in the prior question are still well within the WHO's target for great air quality, and are especially low when compared to more polluted readings from other countries worldwide.

The months that came in with the best air quality over the course of 2019 were April through to June, and then August through to October (with July showing a sudden spike in PM2.5 levels). The cleanest month of the year was October with a reading of 5.3 μg/m³.

What are some of the main types of pollution found in the air in Kitchener?

Some of the more prominent types of pollution found in the air in Kitchener would be ones that are emitted by vehicles, and thus would be materials and chemical compounds such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), black carbon, carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOC's). These can also find their release from other areas that see combustion taking place, with factories and power plants also releasing these pollutants, along with many others.

Some examples of VOC's include ones such as benzene, xylene, toluene and formaldehyde. These are all harmful to human health, even more so due to their volatile nature making them able to maintain a gaseous state at far lower temperatures than many other pollutants, hence easier to respire and cause health issues. Nitrogen dioxide is also one of the chief offenders emanating from vehicles, often found in high concentrations over areas that see larger volumes of traffic, and along with sulfur dioxide can contribute heavily to instances of acid rain.