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2017-2023
World's most polluted cities
Most polluted city ranking based on annual average PM2.5 concentration (μg/m³)
2023
World Air Quality Report
PM2.5 legend
0-5
Meets WHO guideline
5.1-10
Exceeds by 1 to 2 times
10.1-15
Exceeds by 2 to 3 times
15.1-25
Exceeds by 3 to 5 times
25.1-35
Exceeds by 5 to 7 times
35.1-50
Exceeds by 7 to 10 times
>50.1
Exceeds by over 10 times
Rank | City | 2023 | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Lohmen, Germany | 12.6 | -- | 13.3 | 16.1 | 16.6 | 13.2 | 13.9 | 8 | 9.2 | 12 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 17.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 2 | Neukoelln, Germany | 12.3 | 12.6 | 16.5 | 12.1 | 14.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 14.3 | 12.3 | 9.6 | 13.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 3 | Krefeld, Germany | 11.8 | 13.2 | 17.7 | 11.6 | 14.6 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 11.7 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 11.1 | 13.9 | 16.5 | 14.1 |
| 4 | Eppelheim, Germany | 11.7 | 13 | 17.4 | 12.8 | 14.7 | 10.1 | 16.6 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 13.3 | 8.8 | 6.2 | 20.5 | 26 | 14 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 5 | Datteln, Germany | 11 | 13.2 | 18.5 | 9.3 | 11 | 11.9 | 12.6 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 10 | 12.3 | 10.6 | 8.6 | 10.8 | 14.4 | 14.4 |
| 6 | Recklinghausen, Germany | 11 | 12.5 | 16.7 | 9.4 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 8.2 | 7 | 8.9 | 10.7 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 11.3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 7 | Ingolstadt, Germany | 10.9 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 10.9 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 10.9 | 12.5 | 6.6 | 12 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 10.8 | 13.9 | 13.6 |
| 8 | Passau, Germany | 10.8 | 12.5 | 17 | 10.7 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 9.5 | 9 | 11 | 11.7 | 7.3 | 13.2 | 11.4 | 11.6 | 11.4 | 12.6 | 14.9 | 15.1 |
| 9 | Duisburg, Germany | 10.8 | 12.5 | 17.4 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 13.2 | 12.5 |
| 10 | Gelsenkirchen, Germany | 10.7 | 11.9 | 16.5 | 8.6 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 9 | 9.9 | 12 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 13.8 | 13 | 11.9 | 14 | 16.6 | 16.5 |
| 11 | Lebach, Germany | 10.7 | 8.2 | 22.3 | 13 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 8 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 18.5 | 10.7 | 14.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 12 | Berlin, Germany | 10.5 | 9.8 | 13.6 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 11.5 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 10 | 7.8 | 11.9 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 11.8 | 9.7 | 11.7 | 8.5 |
| 13 | Weiden in der Oberpfalz, Germany | 10.3 | 10.2 | 14.9 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 10.7 | 12.4 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 10.7 | 11.2 | 7 | 9.3 | 12.2 | 10 | 10.3 | 10.6 | -- | -- |
| 14 | Zirndorf, Germany | 10.3 | 8.6 | 13.1 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 12.2 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 10.3 | -- | -- | 16.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 15 | Mettingen, Germany | 10.3 | 10.9 | 14.9 | 8.9 | 11.2 | 11 | 11.6 | 7.4 | 8 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 10.4 | 26.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 16 | Giessen, Germany | 10.2 | 10.4 | 18.2 | 11 | 12.2 | 11.5 | 13.3 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 9.6 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 9.7 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 13.7 | 14.1 | 13.6 |
| 17 | Bornheim, Germany | 10.2 | 9.6 | 14.1 | 9.4 | 11.1 | 12.9 | 13.1 | 8.5 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 11.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 18 | Hagen, Germany | 10.2 | 10.6 | 16.8 | 9 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 12 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 7.3 | 9.2 | 13 | 12.6 | 14.1 | -- | -- | -- |
| 19 | Oberhausen, Germany | 10.2 | 11.9 | 16.8 | 8.4 | 10.6 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 13.8 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 20 | Hamburg, Germany | 10.1 | 10.5 | 13.9 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 11 | 10.9 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 11.4 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 13.1 | 10.7 | 10 | 9.1 | 10.8 | 12.3 | 12.4 |
| 21 | Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany | 10.1 | 8.7 | 17.8 | 10.4 | 8.8 | 10 | 12.2 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 11.2 | 9.9 | 6.1 | 9.6 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 13.3 | 13.1 |
| 22 | Frankfurt/Oder, Germany | 10 | 9.8 | 13.2 | 10 | 12.2 | 9.4 | 10.9 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 10.3 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 13.5 | 11 | 12.2 | 10.7 | 12.3 | 16.8 | 16 |
| 23 | Kempen, Germany | 10 | 10.4 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 10.9 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 7.7 | 9.3 | 10.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 24 | Solingen, Germany | 10 | 9.4 | 15.9 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 7.9 | 9 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 9.4 | 10.8 | 11 | 11.2 | -- | -- | -- |
| 25 | Bruckmuhl, Germany | 9.9 | -- | -- | -- | 7.3 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 10.6 | 10 | 7.4 | 11.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 26 | Oberhausen, Germany | 9.9 | 11.1 | 16.6 | 8.4 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 9 | 14.4 | 12.9 | 14.3 | -- | -- | -- |
| 27 | Orsingen-Nenzingen, Germany | 9.8 | 10.1 | 17.2 | 12.2 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 10.2 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 7 | 10.3 | 7.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 28 | Bad Aibling, Germany | 9.8 | 10.5 | 12.7 | 11.7 | 8.3 | 10.2 | 12 | 8.8 | 8.1 | 10 | 9.5 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 11.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 29 | Kelheim, Germany | 9.8 | 13.1 | 14.8 | 9.5 | 8 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 9 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10 | 6 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 11 | 13.8 | 13.5 |
| 30 | Spremberg, Germany | 9.8 | 10.8 | 13.4 | 9.9 | 12 | 10.3 | 12 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 10.1 | 8.4 | 7 | 10.2 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 10.6 | 12.1 | 16.8 | 15.6 |
| 31 | Nettetal, Germany | 9.8 | 16.6 | 17.4 | 8.4 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 10.2 | 7 | 7.6 | 9.3 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 11.9 | -- | -- | -- |
| 32 | Worms, Germany | 9.8 | 10.6 | 17.5 | 10 | 8.7 | 10.7 | 11.4 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 9 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 13.1 | 13.7 |
| 33 | Ansbach, Germany | 9.7 | 9.7 | 15.9 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 8.6 | 9 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 13.1 | 13.4 |
| 34 | Bernau bei Berlin, Germany | 9.7 | 9.2 | 14.4 | 9.8 | 11.2 | 8.8 | 10.5 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 11.5 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 10.9 | 13.2 | 16.4 | 15.9 |
| 35 | Oberaudorf, Germany | 9.6 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 11.2 | 7 | 8.5 | 10.5 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 10 | 10 | 11.5 | 13.6 | 12.7 |
| 36 | Rudersdorf bei Berlin, Germany | 9.6 | 9.9 | 14.4 | 10.2 | 12.9 | 10.1 | 12.2 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 9.5 | 7.8 | 6 | 9 | 13.2 | 11.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 37 | Schonefeld, Germany | 9.6 | 6.2 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 11.9 | 12.5 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 11.3 | 7.6 | 5.2 | 9.8 | 9 | 10.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 38 | Northeim, Germany | 9.6 | 10.2 | 17.1 | 10.1 | 14 | 11.4 | 12.2 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 6 | 5.1 | 8.2 | 13 | 15.2 | 13 | 14.2 | -- | -- |
| 39 | Borken, Germany | 9.6 | 9.8 | 15.9 | 7.8 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 10.1 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 9.5 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 11.8 | -- | -- | -- |
| 40 | Dusseldorf, Germany | 9.6 | 11.7 | 15.9 | 9.3 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 12 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 12.3 |
| 41 | Münster, Germany | 9.6 | 10.6 | 15.9 | 8.2 | 11.3 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 10.3 | 8.2 | 7.2 | 9.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 42 | Furth, Germany | 9.5 | 9.2 | 13.1 | 10 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 9.5 | 6.2 | 8.7 | 10.7 | 10.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 43 | Nuremberg, Germany | 9.5 | 10 | 14.9 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 11.5 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 5.5 | 8.3 | 16.3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 44 | Eisenhuttenstadt, Germany | 9.5 | 8.3 | 12 | 8.2 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 11.8 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 6.3 | 13.8 | 10 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 11.8 | 16.7 | 14.7 |
| 45 | Essen, Germany | 9.5 | 10.9 | 15.3 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.9 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 8 | 11.2 | 10.8 | 9.6 | 11.7 | 13.9 | 13.1 |
| 46 | Herford, Germany | 9.5 | 11.4 | 15 | 9.8 | 11.9 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 8.7 | 13.7 | 16.3 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 47 | Unna, Germany | 9.5 | 9.6 | 13.2 | 7.8 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 10.1 | 8.7 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 12.6 |
| 48 | Warstein, Germany | 9.5 | 7.2 | 14.3 | 7.5 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 11.2 | 7.2 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 13.3 | 11.6 |
| 49 | Schifferstadt, Germany | 9.5 | 8.4 | 12.9 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 6.8 | 8.1 | 10.4 | 12.2 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 10.9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 50 | Burghausen, Germany | 9.4 | 12.5 | 12.1 | 11 | 7.5 | 8.9 | 10.2 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 14.3 | 12.9 |
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